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ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭКРАНИРУЮЩИХ СВОЙСТВ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОРОШКООБРАЗНОГО ШУНГИТА Л.М. Лыньков, Т.В. Борботько , Ю.К. Калинин, Л.М. Гузова

14.08.2017

Введение

Важное место в вопросах промышленной безопасности занимают проблемы защиты организма человека от электромагнитного излучения неионизирующей природы. Данная проблема может быть решена посредством электромагнитного экранирования. В настоящее время используют широкую номенклатуру экранирующих материалов обладающие магнитными, диэлектрическими и электропроводящими свойствами (Гибкие конструкции..., 2000).

Одной из форм углерода является природный минерал шунгит Зажогинского месторождения (Республика Карелия). Шунгитовые породы представляют собой природный композит — равномерное распределение высокодисперсных кристаллических силикатных частиц в аморфной углеродной матрице. Шунгит характеризуется высокими прочностью, плотностью, химической стойкостью и электропроводностью (Лыньков и др., 2004). Благодаря биполярности порошки шунгитовых пород смешиваются с различными веществами (водными суспензиями и фторопластами, каучуками, смолами, цементами и др.).

Шунгит используется для производства электропроводных красок, пластмасс с антистатическими свойствами, строительных материалов, стойких в агрессивных средах футеровок и т.д.

Эффективность экранирования порошков на основе шунгита зависит от степени уплотненности. Исследования ослабления электромагнитного излучения шунгитовой крошкой различных фракций в диапазоне частот 100…800 МГц показали, что при засыпке без уплотнения ослабление в 20 дБ достигается при размерах частиц свыше 5 мм и толщине слоя засыпки более 15 см. При уплотнении толщина слоя может быть снижена до 10 см вследствие увеличения контактов между частицами и повышения электропроводности.

Существенный недостаток гомогенных проводящих материалов связан с их высокой электропроводностью, вследствие чего они имеют высокий коэффициент отражения. Применение таких материалов для экранирования помещений приводит к возникновению многочисленных переотражений электромагнитной энергии внутри помещения и образованию областей, в которых напряжённость поля может в сотню раз превышать допустимый уровень, что оказывает неблагоприятное воздействие на человека находящегося в таких помещениях.

Целью данной работы являлось исследование экранирующих свойств материалов, полученных на основе порошкообразного шунгита с влагосодержащим растворным наполнителем.

Установлено, что за счет изменения влагосодержания порошкообразного шунгита возможно управление свойствами такого материала, а именно значениями ослабления и коэффициента отражения, который может быть использован для создания экранированных помещений, элементов конструкций снижающих уровень электромагнитного излучения сотовых телефонов и персональных компьютеров.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Влияние низко интенсивного КВЧ-излучения на красный костный мозг и клетки крови при экранировании минералом шунгит // Т.И. Субботина, И.И. Туктамышев, И.Ш. Туктамышев и др. // Вестник новых медицинских технологий. — 2003. — Т.10, № 1–2. — С.25. Гибкие конструкции экранов электромагнитного излучения / Л.М. Лыньков, В.А. Богуш , В.П. Глыбин и др. // Под ред. Л.М. Лынькова. — Мн., 2000. — 284 с. Лыньков Л.М., Богуш В.А., Колбун Н.В., Борботько Т.В., Украинец Е.А. Новые материалы для экранов электромагнитного излучения // Доклады БГУИР. — 2004. — Т.2, №5. — С.152–167.

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